药物联合饮食控制、运动疗法治疗糖尿病的临床价值研究

目的:研究药物联合饮食控制、运动疗法治疗社区糖尿病患者的临床效果,总结其临床价值。方法:选取80例社区糖尿病患者,按随机数字表法将其分成实验组40例、对照组40例,给予对照组患者常规治疗及健康宣教,在此基础上为实验组患者联合应用饮食控制及运动疗法治疗,统计两组血糖控制效果。结果:治疗结束后,实验组总胆固醇、甘油三酯、糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖水平分别为1.48±0.19mg/dL、0.79±0.13mg/dL、(4.96±0.71)%、5.04±1.75mmol/L、7.40±1.60mmol/L,以上观察指标均优于对照组,此外,实验组患者血糖控制有效率显著高于对照组(97.5%VS 85.0%,P0.05)。结论:药物联合饮食控制、运动疗法是控制糖尿病患者血糖的有效方法,具有较高的临床应用价值,可进一步在临床上推广。     

对《电工学》(第五版)教材中的一道习题的讨论

讨论了秦曾煌教授主编的《电工学》第五版教材中的一道习题的解法;指出了教材中的答案及尹宝岩老师主编的电工学辅导教材中对该题的解答的错误;说明了产生错误的根源是：认为混联电路中的并联部分发生谐振时,电路的入端阻抗最大、总电流最小。     

共轭亚油酸对脂质代谢和身体成分组成影响的研究进展

共轭亚油酸（conjugated linoleic acid,CLA）因具有促进脂肪分解、改善体能等作用,被广泛用于非运动和运动人群饮食结构中。CLA通过与过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors,PPAR）相互作用,增强呼吸链解偶联蛋白（uncoupling protein-1,UCP-1）表达并提高肉碱-棕榈油转移酶-1（carnitine-palmoil-transferase-1,CPT-1）活性,促进脂质代谢,改变身体成分。目前,关于CLA减脂效果及其所带来的副作用仍有争论。本文将CLA目标人群分为非运动训练类和运动训练类,分别进行CLA减脂效果比较。对比发现,CLA的补充对人体脂质代谢和人体成分组成的影响受人种、性别、年龄、健康状况、身体素质、饮食结构、服用剂量与服用时间等多重因素影响。对于与人类亲缘关系较近的啮齿类动物而言,其中CLA对小鼠降脂作用最明显,且运动结合CLA补充减脂效果更佳。考虑到CLA补充带来的毒副作用,食用天然富含CLA的食物可能是控制肥胖的较好选择。     

毛梾籽油结合有氧运动对脂肪肝大鼠肝组织生化指标的影响

采用响应面优化超声波辅助法提取毛梾籽油,并研究其结合有氧运动对脂肪肝大鼠肝组织生化指标的影响。结果表明：在超声功率为360w、提取温度为52℃、提取时间为65min。选取上述工艺参数组合做3次平行实验,得出毛梾籽油的平均得率为37.36%,与预测值接近,因此修改的工艺参数具备实用价值。同时大鼠实验表明,毛梾籽油含有黄酮类物质具有较强的抗氧化能力,可以清除大量自由基,使MDA含量降低,恢复SOD和GSH-Px的活性,并且结合有氧运动可以对脂肪肝大鼠的氧自由基蓄积和氧化应激反应起到缓解作用,同时使得ALT与AST水平下降,肝功能逐渐得到恢复,肝损伤得到缓解,并且两者结合的效果要优于单一效果。     

有氧运动联合补充D-核糖对小鼠抗疲劳和抗氧化的作用

研究有氧运动联合补充D-核糖对小鼠抗疲劳和抗氧化酶活性的影响,将小鼠分为安静对照组、有氧运动对照组、D-核糖对照组、D-核糖+有氧运动组。有氧运动组进行每周进行6 d的有氧跑台训练,D-核糖组每日每只灌胃2 mL核糖（300 mg/100 g）,通过12周的规律性有氧跑台训练后,建立小鼠负重游泳抗疲劳动物模型,分别记录小鼠负重力竭游泳时间,并测定小鼠体内肝糖原（hepaticr glycogen,HG）、肌糖原（muscle glycogen,MG）、血糖（blood glucose）、血尿素氮（blood urea nitrogen,BUN）、血乳酸( bloodlactic acid,BLA）、丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量和总抗氧化能力（total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物歧化酶（glutathione peroxide dismutase,GSH-Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）等活力。结果表明,与安静对照组相比,有氧运动对照组、D-核糖对照组、D-核糖+有氧运动组小鼠负重游泳时间显著增加（P<0.05）,同时显著提高了小鼠体内肝糖原、肌糖原和血糖含量（P<0.05）,并降低了体内血尿素氮和血乳酸含量（P<0.05）。另外,其抗氧化活性结果表明,与安静对照组相比,有氧运动对照组、D-核糖对照组、D-核糖+有氧运动组的T-AOC均增强,SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性也都显著升高（P<0.05）,MDA则显著降低（P<0.05）。说明长期规律的有氧运动联合补充D-核糖能显著提高机体内肝糖原、肌糖原、血糖含量和氧化应激能力,提高机体抗疲劳作用。     

Exercise duration and mood state: How much is enough to feel better?

The effects of exercise duration on mood state were examined. In a repeated-measures design, the Profile of Mood States inventory (D. M. McNair, M. Lorr, & L. F. Droppleman, 1971) was administered before and after 1 quiet resting trial and 3 exercise trials of 10, 20, and 30 min on a bicycle ergometer. Heart rate levels were controlled at 60% of the participant's estimated V02max level. An overall analysis of variance found improved levels of vigor with reduced levels of confusion, fatigue, and total negative mood. Planned analyses revealed that the improvements in vigor, fatigue, and total mood occurred after 10 min of exercise, with progressive improvements in confusion over 20 min and with no additional improvement over longer periods. These results complement current recommendations, which suggest that to experience positive fitness and health benefits, healthy adults should participate in a total of 30 min of moderate physical exercise daily, accumulated in short bouts throughout the day. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

余甘子圣女果复合饮料发酵工艺及对运动耐力的影响

以余甘子提取液和圣女果汁为原料,通过乳酸菌发酵制得具有抗疲劳作用的余甘子圣女果复合发酵饮料。基于单因素实验结果,采用响应面分析法优化该复合发酵饮料的制备工艺,同时利用动物实验考察其对小鼠运动耐力的影响。结果表明,最佳发酵工艺为:乳酸菌接种量0.6%、余甘子提取液与圣女果汁的体积比1:3、发酵温度45 ℃、发酵时间29.8 h,感官得分88.2分,所得饮料色泽均一、风味独特、酸甜适宜,静置未有明显分层。三种剂量（10、20、30 mL/kg·d）的复合发酵饮料均能显著延长小鼠的爬杆时间（P<0.05）,提高其体内肝、肌糖原的储备,降低运动后血清中乳酸与尿素氮的浓度水平。余甘子圣女果复合发酵饮料有助于提高机体的运动耐力。     

l‐Citrulline Supplementation‐Increased Skeletal Muscle PGC‐1α Expression Is Associated with Exercise Performance and Increased Skeletal Muscle Weight

Scope

l ‐citrulline has recently been reported as a more effective supplement for promoting intracellular nitric oxide (NO) production compared to l ‐arginine. Here, the effect of l ‐citrulline on skeletal muscle and its influence on exercise performance were investigated. The underlying mechanism of its effect, specifically on the expression of skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α), was also elucidated.

Methods and results

Six‐week‐old ICR mice were orally supplemented with l ‐citrulline (250 mg kg^?1) daily, and their performance in weight‐loaded swimming exercise every other day for 15 days, was evaluated. In addition, mice muscles were weighed and evaluated for the expression of PGC‐1α and PGC‐1α‐regulated genes. Mice orally supplemented with l ‐citrulline had significantly higher gastrocnemius and biceps femoris muscle mass. Although not statistically significant, l ‐citrulline prolonged the swimming time to exhaustion. PGC‐1α upregulation was associated with vascular endothelial growth factor α (VEGFα) and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) upregulation. VEGFα and IGF‐1 are important for angiogenesis and muscle growth, respectively, and are regulated by PGC‐1α. Treatment with NG‐nitro‐l ‐arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l ‐NAME), a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, suppressed the l ‐citrulline‐induced PGC‐1α upregulation in vitro.

Conclusion

Supplementation with l ‐citrulline upregulates skeletal muscle PGC‐1α levels resulting in higher skeletal muscle weight that improves time to exhaustion during exercise.

     

大学英语“写长法”的基础教学训练

为了提高英语学习者的英语写作能力,在公共英语教学中采用英语“写长法”的教学理念,探索有效的训练模式,增加句型和词汇的造句练习,提高学习者的基础语言应用的能力,促进英语知识向层面转化。     

模板匹配的自适应搜索法

本文对于模板匹配中的失配度量作了统计分析,确定了失配度量剖面曲线在正确配准点 附近的变化上限,提出了模板匹配的自适应搜索法,导出了所需的阈值公式.对于实际图象的 匹配实验结果,证实了方法的正确性和搜索的快速性,为某些在线应用提供了快速的匹配方 法.